Essay --

Impact of marketing on Agricultural Products Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy because it fulfills the basic necessities of life also it provides the employment opportunities and livelihood to 62% of population. It contributes 21% to total GDP and 80% products that are being exported are agro based. (Agri Punjab). Pakistan has plenty of natural resources so people of rural areas put their whole efforts in exploring these and producing the agricultural products from those. So if it will be managed effectively than it becomes the biggest source of reducing the poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural sector in Pakistan is growing in Pakistan from time to time but this growth is not much satisfactory for us because of many factors like increasing rate of population, inefficient water storage and natural calamities that affects the Pakistan each year in the form of flood etc. Agricultural productivity can be enhanced by using the latest technology or by cultivating the more land for production purposes; this will c ause the reduction in scarcity of food and reduce poverty. Using the latest technology avoid the diseases of crops and make better the agricultural production. (Abdul & Aqeel, 2007) Efforts are now being started to improve this sector as many of biotechnology institutes have been established. If the proper technology and scientific approaches will be used then it could make the agricultural system one of the best systems. The fertilizers and pesticides costs are increasing day by day that leads to decline in crops (Mohammad). Agriculture contributes major in economic development of Pakistan that contributions includes export of rice and cotton gives 65% of total foreign exchange earnings, as the popula... ...structured questionnaires as well as through documents like policy strategies, guidelines and reports. Stratified random sampling was used and 3 groups were selected to collect data from each district. Interviews were made from producers, traders and NGO’s. it was concluded from study that the improvement in marketing system is most important, different changes/techniques were recommended for 3 districts. For example for Dehana district (proper utilization of resources, soil conservation, moisture management, improved seeds), for Arrero District ( improvement of rangeland, livestock marketing system, cooperatives should be encouraged) and for Goro district (Livestock production should be improved, better road network, marketing monitoring from government and better market information system). In short proper system of marketing was recommended from this research. Essay -- Impact of marketing on Agricultural Products Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy because it fulfills the basic necessities of life also it provides the employment opportunities and livelihood to 62% of population. It contributes 21% to total GDP and 80% products that are being exported are agro based. (Agri Punjab). Pakistan has plenty of natural resources so people of rural areas put their whole efforts in exploring these and producing the agricultural products from those. So if it will be managed effectively than it becomes the biggest source of reducing the poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural sector in Pakistan is growing in Pakistan from time to time but this growth is not much satisfactory for us because of many factors like increasing rate of population, inefficient water storage and natural calamities that affects the Pakistan each year in the form of flood etc. Agricultural productivity can be enhanced by using the latest technology or by cultivating the more land for production purposes; this will c ause the reduction in scarcity of food and reduce poverty. Using the latest technology avoid the diseases of crops and make better the agricultural production. (Abdul & Aqeel, 2007) Efforts are now being started to improve this sector as many of biotechnology institutes have been established. If the proper technology and scientific approaches will be used then it could make the agricultural system one of the best systems. The fertilizers and pesticides costs are increasing day by day that leads to decline in crops (Mohammad). Agriculture contributes major in economic development of Pakistan that contributions includes export of rice and cotton gives 65% of total foreign exchange earnings, as the popula... ...structured questionnaires as well as through documents like policy strategies, guidelines and reports. Stratified random sampling was used and 3 groups were selected to collect data from each district. Interviews were made from producers, traders and NGO’s. it was concluded from study that the improvement in marketing system is most important, different changes/techniques were recommended for 3 districts. For example for Dehana district (proper utilization of resources, soil conservation, moisture management, improved seeds), for Arrero District ( improvement of rangeland, livestock marketing system, cooperatives should be encouraged) and for Goro district (Livestock production should be improved, better road network, marketing monitoring from government and better market information system). In short proper system of marketing was recommended from this research.

Product attribute

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The Causes And Preventions Of Cancer - 1773 Words

CANCER†¦.the scariest word a doctor can say. There are many causes and preventions of cancer. I picked this topic because my step-dad has battled cancer 3 times. He was diagnosed with brain cancer just a couple months before the NFL draft that he was participating in. It was a rough time for him, getting diagnosed with brain cancer right before the biggest moment in his life. He is our walking miracle. Cancer is an abnormal cell function that starts to grow out of control. Cancer is the 2nd largest causes of death in the United States. On the American Cancer Society website, researchers found that cancer has been around for many years. The term cancer has not always been used. The oldest description of cancer was called Edwin Smith Papyrus, which dates back to 3000 B.C. in Egypt. The early discoveries of cancer is found among fossilized bone tumors, old manuscripts and even found on mummies in early Egypt. Researchers found skeletons with tumors on the heads, necks and other parts of the skeletons. In the Renaissance Era, which was the beginning of the 15th century, scientist started understanding a little more about the human body. Galileo and Newton started using the scientific method, which later helped in the study of disease. Harvey in 1628, started doing autopsies, which help understand the circulation of the blood which was a mystery until then. In 1761, Giovanni Morgagni was the first to make autopsies a routine to help find out the patient’s illness afterShow MoreRelatedCONCLUSION Cancer has become the one of the most feared things for human beings. The various type700 Words   |  3 PagesCONCLUSION Cancer has become the one of the most feared things for human beings. The various type of cancer have been discovered and there are still a lot of it that undiscoverable. Cancer is a complex disease that have a group of disease. The cancer itself cannot be describe by words. The causes of this cancer is still not being able to be discovered fully. There are only minor factor that can lead to this disease. The carcinogens are believed to be one of the causes that lead to cancer such as asbestosRead MoreColorectal Cancer : Disease Risk Factor Research Paper Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesColorectal Cancer Disease Risk Factor Research Paper HLTH 435 Chronic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and around the world. Although preventable, chronic diseases can last anywhere from 3 months to a life time. Cancer is a chronic disease that is termed epidemic because the number of cases has increased highly over the years. Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer is one of the many cancers and it accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidents.Read MoreCancer Is An Issue Worldwide That Does Not Favor Race,1433 Words   |  6 PagesCancer is an issue worldwide that does not favor race, gender, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. 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Scientists have put an estimated 4.8 billion dollars towards the research every year to help find a cure or a new treatment for breast cancer ( STAT Facts Breast Cancer). Researchers have found causes, put in research and theories that help with understanding treatments, prevention and alsoRead MoreA Study On Breast Cancer843 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women (Up to Date, 2014). The associated risk can be as high as 12% for every woman in the United States, regardless of family history (American Cancer Society, 2013). For this reason, care begins with patient education, risk stratification, and preventative medicine. The paper will review preventative options, risk stratification based on genetics and age, and breast cancer treatment

Succcessful Entrepreneurship Self-Supporting - 953 Words

In today’s society, the key factor of entrepreneurship is to allow people to become self-supporting. Entrepreneurship is an employ approach that helps lead people to financial self-sufficiency, even for people with disabilities. Entrepreneurship supplies people with disabilities and their relatives with the prospective to consider and establish enterprises as the boss, rather than just being an employee. Many possibilities come from entrepreneurs and their concepts that they contribute to the world. They can assist to the moneys in a number of ways. There are exceptional ways that entrepreneurs add value to America’s capitals is through investments, paid work, providing diverse goods and services, worldwide trade, and much more. The†¦show more content†¦The fifth distinctiveness is â€Å"Become Known as an Expert† becoming known as an expert is another style of prospecting for new business, just in reverse. Instead of finding new and qualified people to sell to, people seek you out for your expertise. Sixth, is â€Å"Invest in Yourself† which to me is one of my most favorite and most important keys to becoming a successful entrepreneurs. Top entrepreneurs buy and read business and marketing books, magazines, reports, journals, newsletters, websites and industry publications, knowing that these resources will improve their understanding of business and marketing functions and skills. They join business associations and clubs, and they network with other skilled business people to learn their secrets of success and help define their own goals and objectives. Top entrepreneurs never stop investing in the most powerful, effective and best business marketing tool at their immediate disposal – themselves. Be Accessible – Make it easy for people to do business with you. You must be able to provide customers with what they want, when they want it. Sell the Benefits – Pushing product is for inexperienced or wannabe entrepreneurs. Get and Stay Organized – Have systems in place. Small things such as creating a to-do list at the end of each business day, or for the week, will keep you on top of important tasks. Take

Essay on Working in Business - 649 Words

Task The purpose of the assessment is to produce a professional presentation on an aspect of professionalism in the workplace. In the tutorial in week 3 (tutorial 2) your tutor will issue a presentation topic to your team and spend some time discussing how you might approach it. The topics are: * Team Diversity Your team needs to research the topic and prepare a professional presentation to the board of directors of SOUND WAVE, an Australian ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT RETAILER with 68 stores and 3,500 employees. Your presentation should be structured as a PERSUASIVE PROPOSAL; your aim is to convince the board to implement your recommendation. Introduction The purpose of this presentation is to discuss a current issue affecting the†¦show more content†¦The rationale for using teams is that there are inherent synergies, such that the team is greater than the sum of its parts. Teams allow both functional specialisation and collaborative interaction. Organisations should seek to form the most effective teams from their employees Australian workplaces are amongst the most diverse in the world. Many generations of immigration have created a diverse range of cultural backgrounds. The workforce is aging. There are more females employed and more employees come from non English speaking backgrounds. More people are shifting employers and occupations, bringing with them a greater range of skills, experiences and value sets. As the workforce becomes more diverse, so too will work teams These changes represent a challenge to Australian management. Diverse work teams operate differently to homogenous teams. There tends to be greater friction, conflict and communication problems. However, there are substantial potential gains to be made. There is strong evidence that diverse teams produce more creative and effective outcomes. In a dynamic environment where innovation and differentiation create strong competitive advantages, organisations need to harness this creativity. As illustrated in Figure 3, there are three major components ofShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Working Capital For A Business1505 Words   |  7 Pagesby the business to provide customers’ needs, indicates the importance of working capital. This paper seeks to examine the importance of working capital to a business. By definition, in order for a business to conduct its daily operations, such as payment of wages, the purchase of raw materials, it requires funds which are referred to as working capital which also covers overhead costs. In simple terms, working capital is money available to a business for its day-to-day operations. Working capitalRead MoreIs Social Business Working Out?1403 Words   |  6 PagesIs Social Business Working Out? 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(Please show the full calculation and formula’s used) The total current assets in 1996 are: $ 1.957.000 The total current assets in 1995

Business Economics Housing Market in the UK

Question: Describe the following points?a. Identify the nature of resource cost structure and the practical significance of different costs. b) Explain the factors influencing optimum size and the significance of demand and supply relationships.c) Demonstrate an understanding of the relevance and limitations. Answer: Introduction The housing market plays a crucial role in the economy. The housing market influences the economy by growth in output, financial market stability and the monetary policy related to the transmission mechanism. A large part of the income of the household can be involved in the purchase of the house which makes the transactions of the house a relevant with respect to the economy. One of the most striking features of the UK housing market is its volatility. Two major booms and busts were experienced by the UK housing market within the last few decades. (Ons.gov.uk, 2015) Mark Carney, the governor of the Bank of England (BoE) has expressed concern regarding the boom in the property sector in an interview with Skys Murnaghan show. This factor is believed to pose a big threat to the economic recovery of the Britain. Then trend in house price reveals that over the past six years, the house prices rose the fastest and have escalated to 8.9% based on a year. The primary cause for the rise in the price of the house is the excess demand for houses and shortage in the supply of houses. The situation can be handled by two relevant factors. Firstly, the bank must be prepared with excess reserves with which it can counter the risks of bad loans which is the result of the deterioration of the housing market in the UK. Secondly, a proper check should be implemented while sanctioning loans and mortgages to individuals and ensure that they are able to repay back. (E-Residentials | Online Estate Agent, 2014) Causes of changes in the housing market: There are several factors that affect the housing industry and its pricing mechanism. Some of the causes related to such changes in the housing market are discussed below: (Pettinger, 2011) Economic Growth- the commodity house is regarded as normal good depicting positive income elasticity. This implies that as income of the individual decreases, people are unable to purchase houses or make the mortgage payments. This leads to the situation where the banks take possession of such houses. UK has experienced a GDP growth in the third quarter of 2014 of about 0.7% which made the economy the fastest growing G7 economy despite the economic slowdown. (Allen, 2014) This implies that the incomes of the households have increased which thereby increased the demand for houses. This ultimately raised the house prices. (Positive Money, 2013) Unemployment- the employment rate of the UK has risen to 73% which implies that the individuals are employed and are earning. This increase in the income of the individuals led to the increase in the demand for houses which again led to the hike in the prices of the house. (Monaghan and Inman, 2014) Rate of Interest- the interest rate in the UK market was somewhat stable throughout the year 2014 at about 0.5%. The impact of low interest rate is felt by the individuals regarding their mortgage payments. If the rate of interests were low then the mortgages payment would be less. Thus lower interest would attract more individuals to buy houses. This would create a situation of excess demand in the housing market which will drive up the price. (BBC News, 2014) Consumer Confidence- the trend in the housing prices is relevant in this respect. The confidence of the consumers regarding the purchase of the houses depends on the anticipation of the rise or fall in the price of the house. If the consumer follows the trend in the house price to be raising them they will be willing to make the purchase. This would drive up the demand. Availability of mortgage- in the year 2014 there was substantial increase in the availability of mortgage loans. The latest credit conditions report of the BoE reveals that the rise in the mortgage loans is due to the low deposit norms. This increased the demand for houses and raised the price thereafter. (The Guardian, 2014) Supply- the shortage in the supply of the houses ultimately led to the increase in the price of the houses. Mark Carney was of the view that problem related to the shortage of new houses remain unsolved, even Central Bank was also not able to resolve the issue. It was estimated that the rate of houses was below the count of 200,000 which can be the minimum scale. (Inman, 2015) Factors affecting the price: We know that the basic determinants of the changes in the house prices are the demand and supply mechanism of the houses. But these determinants are in turn affected by the macroeconomic and microeconomic factors. It is necessary to analyze different macro and micro economic factors that affect the pricing and purchasing decision in the housing market. Below are some of the macro and micro issues discussed. (Tan, 2015) (Ft.com, 2015) Macroeconomic factors: 1. Population growth including the foreign workforce and migration- the estimated population growth rate in the year 2014 in the UK was 0.54%.(Indexmundi.com, 2015) An increase in population always exerts pressure on the housing market. But the shortage of houses and the population growth aggravated the increase in price. According to the Malthusian theory the population is believed to grow at a geometric rate which means that even if the rate of population growth is little, there is not enough accommodation to absorb the new population. (Galor and Weil, 2000)2. Employment and wage growth- As the employment scenario in the UK has improved; the employment rate has increased which in turn brought about growth in the wages. Thus we can say that individuals now have increased income in their hands which enhanced their credit liability. People will now have the confidence and affordability to take loans and mortgages to purchase houses. Thus creating a situation of excess demand in the ec onomy which will drive up the price in the real estate sector.3. Construction costs- Several government policies are initiated when the building projects are introduced by the developers. This creates a consciousness among the developers about their project and these delays the building projects. This momentary delay causes a shortage of houses and the ever increasing population puts forward a situation of excess demand which raise the property price.4. Financing properties- when there is increased availability of mortgages and loans, and then there must be easy and smooth access to it. This can be done by the banks and other financial companies. If the facilities of loan and mortgages are offered through a simple and easy process then people will have easy access to monetary resources to purchase houses. This will enhance the demand and thus cause a hike in the price of the houses.5. Land scarcity- the ratio of land area to the population explains the fact that there is too much of population and the availability of land area is not that great. This scarcity of land arising due to population growth results in a increase in demand for houses. Thus price of the housing market increased. (McGrath, 2014)6. Exchange rate- the depreciation of the exchange rate causes the price of the foreign house to rise and an appreciation causes the price of these houses to increase in the foreign countries. Thus there is substantial influence of exchange rate on the price of the housing market. Microeconomic factors: 1. Location and amenities- the accessibility of highways, expressways, hospital, school, banks, markets, shopping mall etc. has a greater influence on the purchase decision of the buyers of the house. A proper and refreshing locality along with required amenities will automatically drive up the price of the house. if the location of the house is not that attractive then the buyer would not be willing to pay higher price for the house.2. Government planning- government sometimes have greater plans for a particular locality by enhancing the infrastructure. The prices of the house in those areas can be anticipated to increase.3. Building style- the architectural structure of houses influence the price of the house. The building style which is believed to be unique drives up the price of the house.4. Taste and preferences- the preference of the house being on countryside or near a mountain hill or across a river can influence the price of the house. The price of the house is sensitive to the macroeconomic factors but the aspect of the microeconomic influence cannot be ignored. Challenges of the property market: The demand and supply conditions determine the level of equilibrium in the housing market. The rise in the price is depicted by a shortage of supply of houses. This aggravated excess demand which caused a hike in the price of the houses in the UK. To drive down the price there is an urgent need to increase the building of houses so that the new population is accommodated. In this regard the macroeconomic factors like economic growth, employment rate, location, government planning was to be considered while making pricing decision of the houses. Thus the problems and challenges in the property markets are affected by the macroeconomic variable as well as the demand and supply side of the market. (Economicsonline.co.uk, 2015) (UK Parliament, 2015) Conclusion: The report is formulated based on the interview of the governor of Bank of England, Mark Carney and his concern regarding the housing market in the UK. The rise in the price is due to the shortage in the supply of houses. Thus measures should be taken to increase the supply of houses in the country by offering subsidies to the private property developers, relaxing the regulations of the house building, providing tax concession for certain house building areas etc. It is also important to regulate the demand of the houses in order to maintain equilibrium in the economy. To stabilize the housing market other macroeconomic factors are also required to be maintained. (Galati, Teppa and Alessie, n.d.) (White, 2014) References Allen, K. (2014). UK on track to be fastest growing G7 economy despite slowdown.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/24/uk-economic-growth-slows [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. BBC News, (2014).Rates 'to stay at 0.5% this year'. [online] Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-25561477 [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Economicsonline.co.uk, (2015).UK house prices. [online] Available at: https://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Competitive_markets/House_prices.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. E-Residentials | Online Estate Agent, (2014).E-Residentials | Online Estate Agent. [online] Available at: https://www.e-residentials.co.uk/#!Mark-Carney-House-Prices-Biggest-Risk-To-Economy-/cky5/6B899536-9302-452E-AB1E-FDCEF3931DAF [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Ft.com, (2015).UK house prices: In depth news, commentary and analysis from theFinancial Times. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/indepth/uk-house-prices [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Galati, G., Teppa, F. and Alessie, R. (n.d.). Macro and Micro Drivers of House Price Dynamics: An Application to Dutch Data.SSRN Journal. Galor, O. and Weil, D. (2000). Population, Technology, and Growth: From Malthusian Stagnation to the Demographic Transition and Beyond.American Economic Review, 90(4), pp.806-828. Indexmundi.com, (2015).United Kingdom Population growth rate - Demographics. [online] Available at: https://www.indexmundi.com/united_kingdom/population_growth_rate.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Inman, P. (2015). Mark Carney: rising house prices pose biggest risk to recovery.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/may/18/mark-carney-house-prices-risk-economy-bank-of-england [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. McGrath, M. (2014).UK faces 'significant' land shortage. [online] BBC News. Available at: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-28003435 [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Monaghan, A. and Inman, P. (2014). UK unemployment falls below 2 million for first time since financial crisis.The Guardian. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/oct/15/uk-unemployment-falls-6-percent-lowest-lehman-brothers [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Ons.gov.uk, (2015).House Price Index, December 2014 - ONS. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/hpi/house-price-index/december-2014/stb-december-2014.html [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Pettinger, T. (2011).Factors that affect the housing market | Economics Help. [online] Economicshelp.org. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/377/housing/factors-that-affect-the-housing-market/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Positive Money, (2013).House prices: why are they so high? | Positive Money. [online] Available at: https://www.positivemoney.org/issues/house-prices/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. Tan, A. (2015).Macro And Micro Factors That Make The Property Market Tick | Propertylogy. [online] Propertylogy.com. Available at: https://www.propertylogy.com/knowledge/macro-and-micro-factors-that-make-the-property-market-tick/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. The Guardian, (2014). Mortgage price war expected as UK lenders fight for market share. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2014/oct/07/mortgage-price-war-uk-lenders-market-share [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. UK Parliament, (2015).Housing supply and demand. [online] Available at: https://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/social-reform/housing-supply-and-demand/ [Accessed 21 Feb. 2015]. White, A. (2014). Nationwide: House prices rise but so do mortgage rejections.The Telegraph. 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Underground Band Music Musician of Bangladesh free essay sample

The underground bands in our country are originally influenced by western underground culture and Metallic, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Megalith, Painter, Bullet For My Valentine, Children of Stood, Cradle of Filth, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Green Days, Van Helen and so on. Some musicians of underground bands play an important role in promoting and developing underground music and musical activities. During these few years we have seen many big musical talent hunt shows in country. These talent hunt shows were telecast in national TV channels.In these days we can see that people love to go concerts and places where music is available. In the past underground music were very much neglected by the common people of our country. Ere present situation of our country is favorable to the music industry and culture of our country. Now-a-days different event management firms are not only coming forward to organize music events and shows but also they are helping promoting of underground music and bands. Underground bands of our country are not only performing in our country but also doing the same in some others countries.Even they are working with foreign bands and artists. We really hope that someday the underground music of our country will get international recognition. 11)Underground World Music: Ere term underground music has been applied to several artistic movements, such s the psychedelic music movement of the mid-asses, but the term underground has since then come to be defined by any musical artist/band that avoids becoming a trend/mainstream. Other early underground bands include the Velvet Underground, MAC, The Grateful Dead, Patti Smith, and the Stooges.Frank Zap tried to define underground by noting that the mainstream comes to you, but you have to go to the underground. In the asses, the term underground was associated Ninth the hippie counterculture of young people who had dropped out of college and their middle class life to live in an off-the-grid commune of fre e love and cannabis. In modern popular music, the term underground refers to a performers or bands ranging from artists that do DID guerilla concerts and self-recorded shows to those that are signed to small independent labels.In some musical styles, the term controversial, as in the case of early asses death metal bands in the US such as Cannibal Corpse for their gory cover art and lyrical themes. Black metal is also an underground form of music and its Norwegian scene are notorious for their association with church burnings, the occult, murders and their Anti-Christian views. All of extreme metal is considered underground music for its extreme nature. 1. 1)Evolution: Ere style of underground music ranges from the asses psychedelic music of the US hippie counterculture, to the DID anti-corporatism of asses-era punk rock, to asses and asses-era hip hop.While the term comprises a range of different musical genres, they can typically share common values, such as the valuing of sincerity and intimacy; an e mphasis on freedom of creative expression; an appreciation of artistic creativity. As well, while very few types of underground music are completely hidden -?except perhaps the underground rock scenes in the pre-Geographer Soviet Union-? he performances and recordings may be difficult to find for outsiders. Some underground musical genres never left their non-mainstream roots, such as Jagged, aggressive I-J 82-style hardcore punk bands like Discharge.Some underground styles eventually became mainstream, commercialese pop styles, such as underground hip hop of the early asses, which eventually became popular. In the asses, the increasing availability of the Internet and digital music technologies made underground music easier to distribute using streaming audio and bedposts. Some experts in cultural studies now argue that that there is no underground because the internet has made what was underground music accessible to everyone at the click of a mouse.One expert, Martin Raymond, of London based company The Future Laboratory commented in an article in The Independe nt, saying trends in music, art and politics are frequently changing. 11. 2)Trends and Current Situation: Music is a part of life and culture. As the time passes music finds a way of its own like our life style, culture and attitude. Different types of new music genres are being introduced every day. People are accepting these new trends in a positive way which Nas not possible in previous times. This is a significant sign that worlds music culture is walking toward a vast new musical evolution.With the development of technologies and communication system the quality of music is getting richer and becoming available to the people of every corner of the world. Page Z)Underground Music In Bangladesh: Englands is traditionally very rich in its musical heritage. From the ancient times, music documented the lives of the people and was widely patronized by the rulers. Music style of Bangladesh may be divided into three categories, mainly the classical, folk and the modern. 1971-1990: Bangladesh becomes independent during this period of time.So as an obvious fact patriotic song was the most popular genre in this era. During 75176 the now GURU of angel pop music, Exam Khan started a whole new era of music that lasted till the nineties. They introduced some modern instruments like Electric guitar, Bass, Drums and Banjo etc. Influenced by the western pattern of music, such as band like Battles, Eagles, and Rainbow etc. 1991-2000: During this time pop music or the so-called band music captured the music industry of our country. Souls, Obscure, Feed Back, Chime, Different Touch, Renaissance, L. R.B, Feelings, Miles, Winning, ARK, Mongo Ball, Warfare etc. Were some of the leading bands of our country at that time. They had begun a new race in lyrics and composition. These bands were greatly influenced by the western music of that time. They started a different genre of music in our country with a western flavor, by which our teen generation are still amazed. 2000-Present: In this era some extremely popular bands like Black, Orthicon, ARTICLE, Chromatin, Cryptic Fate and a few others raised in this country. Most of them were influenced by the western metallic bands like Metallic, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest,Black Sabbath, Megalith, Supernatural etc. Some underground bands like Mechanic, Power Surge, Stentorian, Generalist, Nemesis, Airbrush are hugely popular among the new generation. Page 2. 2)Some of the popular underground bands and their genre: 1)Rock/Hard Rock/Alternative Rock/Progressive Rock Cryptic Fate Article The Watson Brothers DNA Fake Plastic Superheroes Breach Nemesis Decipher Bassoonist 2)Thrash Metal Poison Green X-Cranium 3)Death Metal/Black Metal Barrack Dripping Gore Eclipse Severe Dementia (formerly known as 666) Voodoo Economic 4)Gothic Metal Druids Page 2. 3)elements:Underground music basically depends on instruments as most of their music are instrumental. Again there are various genres of underground bands so they need to produce different types of music with various instruments. Most commonly they use electric guitar, bass guitar, keyboard, drums, guitar processors, equalizer, amp and so on. Sometimes they use voice synthesizer, percussions and studio effects. But it is not necessary that only electrical instruments are used in underground band music. Sometimes they also use acoustic instruments and classical instruments like Tablas, setter, bash, violin, cetera and so on. E underground bands in our country are originally influenced by western underground culture and their mainstream music. Our underground band musicians not only follow western music but also their on stage appearance. Even they try to elk on the life style of the western band members. The most popular and worldwide renowned bands are Metallic, Iron Maiden, Judas Priest, Megalith, Painter, Bullet For My Valentine, Children of Stood, Cradle of Filth, Red Jumpsuit Apparatus, Green Days, Van Helen, System Of A Down, Dream Theatre, Lamb Of God, Godsends, Off Fighter, Tritium, Scorpions, and so on.Actually the number of the international underground bands is enormous. So the influence and effects of their music and life style has a great impact on the underground bands of our country. Page 13)Underground Musicians in Bangladesh: 13. 1 )Pioneer: Some musicians of underground bands play an important role in promoting and developing underground music and musical activities. They have given a lot to our underground music history. They are called pioneer because they not only have created some great songs but have also showed the way to walk through the path of underground music world to the next generation.Kamala, Tip, Salaam, Milan of Narrate, Summon, Raff, Pickup of Orthicon, Lincoln, Rasher, Shahs, Cezanne of Article, Ion, Tony, Johan of Black, Turbo of Cryptic Fate, Parrot of Souls, Shafts, Manama, Jewel, ours of Miles, Bibb Bacchus of LURE are the pioneer underground musicians in our country because they have entered the main stream music with their endless efforts. So new generation is looking towards them and entering the underground music Nor. 3. ) Facilities and Patronage: Ere underground musicians of our country hardly receive any financial support from families or any other institutions. They face difficulties to buy musical instruments own. Only main stream bands get support from various organizations. So facilities are very rare for the new underground bands. But after they become popular among the listeners their situation begins to change in a positive way. It becomes also a way to earning for them along with the popularity amongst the young generation and even in the society.So it is clear that underground bands and musicians create facilities of their own and carry on their musical Journey. Page 9)Events: 9. 1)Talent Hunt: Recently musical events in Bangladesh have become very popular. Common people are looking for various musical events and festivals. Almost in every functions and occasions we love to enjoy music. In this regard underground musical events are getting popularity and progressing rapidly. During these few years we have seen many big musical talent hunt shows in country.