Motivation and Behavior Essay Example for Free

Motivation and Behavior Essay Motivation refers to the process that drives an organism to behave the way it does. Simply put motivation causes an organism to eat, sleep, and drink and individuals to participate in the activities they find satisfying. Motivation can separate people into two categories optimist and pessimist. Optimists are those looking for the good in situations and pessimists finding the bad. Motivational sources can be described as extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic is the motivation that comes from outside of the individual. Intrinsic is the motivation of an individual that comes from within. Motivation affects an organism’s behavior. Dr. Whitbourne describes six theories in here article from psychology today; instinct, drive reduction, arousal, incentive, cognitive and self-determination. Motivation As defined by psychology.about.com, motivation is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Motivation is the psychological process that tells humans what to do. A motivation causes humans and other species to drink, eat, play, sleep and reproduce. Without motivation there would be no reason for accomplishing anything. Within the motivation process there are different factors with each individual. Motivation can come in the form of positive motivation and negative motivation. These motivating factors eventually lead to an emotional state within the individual. Generally motivation creates to type of individuals that society recognizes and relates with; optimist and pessimist. Optimistic is disposed to take a favorable view of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome, (â€Å"Optimistic,†2012). These are the individuals who tend to have a positive outlook on life. In most cases these individuals are look for the good in every situation. From dictionary.com, pessimistic is pertaining to or characterized as the tendency to expect the worst and see the worst in all things. Pessimists are those individuals who see the worst in everything . Sources of Motivation Extrinsic/Intrinsic Extrinsic is defined by dictionary.com as, not essential or inherent; being outside a thing; outward or external; operating or coming from without, (Extrinsic, 2012). Extrinsic motivation is simply that, things that motivate from the external. When looking at individuals who have extrinsic motivation, they tend to not enjoy certain activities, (Huitt, 2011). They tend to be a reward based group and need affirmation from an outside source. Throughout society many people can be found to fit this category of motivation. As shown a person who only writes poems to be submitted to poetry contests as well as a person who does not like sales but accepts a sales position for the amount of money he/she will make, (Psychology, n.d.). Intrinsic is defined by dictionary.com as, belonging to a thing by its very nature; of or relating to the essential nature of a thing; inherent, (Intrinsic, 2012). If extrinsic is from the external, the intrinsic is from within the individual. These individuals to things because it please them and they find the activity enjoyable, (Psychology, n.d.). These people are not concerned as much with what the outside world or society thinks. They are motivated from within. An example shows, playing chess because the individual enjoys effortful thinking, and a person reading a non-fiction book because they are curious about the topic, (Psychology, n.d.). Motivation and Behavior From an article written by Susan Drauss Whitbourne, Ph.D. motivation as the cause of behavior is examined. In her article Dr. Whitbourne discuss insights to explain the complexity of behavior. The instinct theory as Dr. Whitbourne refers to it as the biological set instincts that organisms have, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011). These factors are what tell organisms to do in order to survive, such as the lion hunting the antelope or a flock of geese migrating south for the winter. The second she describes is the drive reduction theory, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011). This theory talks about organisms and how they will try to just ensure that their needs are met and not look for anything else, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011). The article goes on to discuss how critics argue that if this theory were true no one would do thinks that were considered risky, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011). Third Dr. Whitbourne discusses the arousal theory, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011). Arousal theory is the opposite of drive reduction, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011). Arousal theory is the motivation which drives individuals to increase their stimulation and seek out things that are exciting and outside just what the individual needs, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011). Dr. Whitbourne goes on to discuss 3 more theories such as the incentive theory, cognitive theory, and the self-determination theory, (â€Å"Motivation: the whys of behavior,† 2011).. Summary Motivation is the process that drives individuals to behave the way they do. Individuals are categorized into two, optimist and pessimist. There are multiple sources of motivations that can be describe as either extrinsic or intrinsic. Whatever the source, individuals are either motivated from within or the world around them. In an article written by Dr. Whitbourne, six theories are described which examine the â€Å"why of behavior.† References Extrinsic. (2012). In Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/intrinsic Huitt, W. (2011). Motivation to learn: An overview.Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved from http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/motivation/motivate.html Intrinsic. (2012). In Dictionary.com. Retrived from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/intrinsic Motivation: the whys of behavior. (2011, October). Fullfillment at Any Age, (), Retrieved from http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/fulfillment-any-age/201110/motivation-the-why-s-behavior Optimistic. (2012). In Dictionary.com. Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/optimistic Psychology and society. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.psychologyandsociety.com/motivation.html

Essay --

Impact of marketing on Agricultural Products Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy because it fulfills the basic necessities of life also it provides the employment opportunities and livelihood to 62% of population. It contributes 21% to total GDP and 80% products that are being exported are agro based. (Agri Punjab). Pakistan has plenty of natural resources so people of rural areas put their whole efforts in exploring these and producing the agricultural products from those. So if it will be managed effectively than it becomes the biggest source of reducing the poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural sector in Pakistan is growing in Pakistan from time to time but this growth is not much satisfactory for us because of many factors like increasing rate of population, inefficient water storage and natural calamities that affects the Pakistan each year in the form of flood etc. Agricultural productivity can be enhanced by using the latest technology or by cultivating the more land for production purposes; this will c ause the reduction in scarcity of food and reduce poverty. Using the latest technology avoid the diseases of crops and make better the agricultural production. (Abdul & Aqeel, 2007) Efforts are now being started to improve this sector as many of biotechnology institutes have been established. If the proper technology and scientific approaches will be used then it could make the agricultural system one of the best systems. The fertilizers and pesticides costs are increasing day by day that leads to decline in crops (Mohammad). Agriculture contributes major in economic development of Pakistan that contributions includes export of rice and cotton gives 65% of total foreign exchange earnings, as the popula... ...structured questionnaires as well as through documents like policy strategies, guidelines and reports. Stratified random sampling was used and 3 groups were selected to collect data from each district. Interviews were made from producers, traders and NGO’s. it was concluded from study that the improvement in marketing system is most important, different changes/techniques were recommended for 3 districts. For example for Dehana district (proper utilization of resources, soil conservation, moisture management, improved seeds), for Arrero District ( improvement of rangeland, livestock marketing system, cooperatives should be encouraged) and for Goro district (Livestock production should be improved, better road network, marketing monitoring from government and better market information system). In short proper system of marketing was recommended from this research. Essay -- Impact of marketing on Agricultural Products Introduction Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan’s economy because it fulfills the basic necessities of life also it provides the employment opportunities and livelihood to 62% of population. It contributes 21% to total GDP and 80% products that are being exported are agro based. (Agri Punjab). Pakistan has plenty of natural resources so people of rural areas put their whole efforts in exploring these and producing the agricultural products from those. So if it will be managed effectively than it becomes the biggest source of reducing the poverty in Pakistan. Agricultural sector in Pakistan is growing in Pakistan from time to time but this growth is not much satisfactory for us because of many factors like increasing rate of population, inefficient water storage and natural calamities that affects the Pakistan each year in the form of flood etc. Agricultural productivity can be enhanced by using the latest technology or by cultivating the more land for production purposes; this will c ause the reduction in scarcity of food and reduce poverty. Using the latest technology avoid the diseases of crops and make better the agricultural production. (Abdul & Aqeel, 2007) Efforts are now being started to improve this sector as many of biotechnology institutes have been established. If the proper technology and scientific approaches will be used then it could make the agricultural system one of the best systems. The fertilizers and pesticides costs are increasing day by day that leads to decline in crops (Mohammad). Agriculture contributes major in economic development of Pakistan that contributions includes export of rice and cotton gives 65% of total foreign exchange earnings, as the popula... ...structured questionnaires as well as through documents like policy strategies, guidelines and reports. Stratified random sampling was used and 3 groups were selected to collect data from each district. Interviews were made from producers, traders and NGO’s. it was concluded from study that the improvement in marketing system is most important, different changes/techniques were recommended for 3 districts. For example for Dehana district (proper utilization of resources, soil conservation, moisture management, improved seeds), for Arrero District ( improvement of rangeland, livestock marketing system, cooperatives should be encouraged) and for Goro district (Livestock production should be improved, better road network, marketing monitoring from government and better market information system). In short proper system of marketing was recommended from this research.

Product attribute

In today’s security-conscious world, proper identification is of utmost importance. People from different sectors – from the federal and state employees, hospital workers, and the airline employees and even students, are required to wear their badges or identification cards. To keep up with the fast-paced era, BadgeWorks created badge holders, lanyards, ID chains and necklaces which are not only strong enough to withstand workday hazards but stylish and functional as well, to be used anytime of the day.The badge holders and lanyards are 30 inches long and assembled in multi-stranded wire for extra strength and durability. It comes with two plastic and metal snap clips to securely hold the badge in place. The functionality and fashionability of the badge holders is provided by the clips, which are available in oval or rectangular shapes; gold- or silver-plated. Just remove the badge and connect the clip to the plastic snaps to turn the badge holder into a double-stranded choker.The badge holders, lanyards and necklaces were manufactured using the finest products from China – the excellent quality pink and black freshwater pearls from the North; the excellent plating and casting workmanship from the South; and the specialization in beading and leather making from other regions in China all contributed to the excellent quality of this product.BadgeWorks offers a great deal for corporations who would like to avail the products in wholesale. Different styles can be made available to the client. BadgeWorks also offer customized design for a corporation, which may include corporate logos, crests, slogans, pictures or colors. At a very reasonable amount, BadgeWork could also design raised or stamped metal pieces, epoxy parts, leather in various sizes and colors, gems or jewels, and badge reels with custom logo or custom-printed lanyards.Products are packaged in lovely drawstring organza bags for added fashion sense.REFERENCESBadge-Works, LLC. Retri eved August 17, 2007. Website: http://www.badge-works.com.

The Causes And Preventions Of Cancer - 1773 Words

CANCER†¦.the scariest word a doctor can say. There are many causes and preventions of cancer. I picked this topic because my step-dad has battled cancer 3 times. He was diagnosed with brain cancer just a couple months before the NFL draft that he was participating in. It was a rough time for him, getting diagnosed with brain cancer right before the biggest moment in his life. He is our walking miracle. Cancer is an abnormal cell function that starts to grow out of control. Cancer is the 2nd largest causes of death in the United States. On the American Cancer Society website, researchers found that cancer has been around for many years. The term cancer has not always been used. The oldest description of cancer was called Edwin Smith Papyrus, which dates back to 3000 B.C. in Egypt. The early discoveries of cancer is found among fossilized bone tumors, old manuscripts and even found on mummies in early Egypt. Researchers found skeletons with tumors on the heads, necks and other parts of the skeletons. In the Renaissance Era, which was the beginning of the 15th century, scientist started understanding a little more about the human body. Galileo and Newton started using the scientific method, which later helped in the study of disease. Harvey in 1628, started doing autopsies, which help understand the circulation of the blood which was a mystery until then. In 1761, Giovanni Morgagni was the first to make autopsies a routine to help find out the patient’s illness afterShow MoreRelatedCONCLUSION Cancer has become the one of the most feared things for human beings. The various type700 Words   |  3 PagesCONCLUSION Cancer has become the one of the most feared things for human beings. The various type of cancer have been discovered and there are still a lot of it that undiscoverable. Cancer is a complex disease that have a group of disease. The cancer itself cannot be describe by words. The causes of this cancer is still not being able to be discovered fully. There are only minor factor that can lead to this disease. The carcinogens are believed to be one of the causes that lead to cancer such as asbestosRead MoreColorectal Cancer : Disease Risk Factor Research Paper Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesColorectal Cancer Disease Risk Factor Research Paper HLTH 435 Chronic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent in the United States and around the world. Although preventable, chronic diseases can last anywhere from 3 months to a life time. Cancer is a chronic disease that is termed epidemic because the number of cases has increased highly over the years. Colorectal cancer, also known as colon cancer is one of the many cancers and it accounts for over 9% of all cancer incidents.Read MoreCancer Is An Issue Worldwide That Does Not Favor Race,1433 Words   |  6 PagesCancer is an issue worldwide that does not favor race, gender, ethnicity or socioeconomic status. Although, particular cancer’s can effect some individuals more than others. For example, breast cancer. According to the Center of Disease Control Preventions (2017), â€Å"Both women and men can get breast cancer, though it is much more common in women.† In the United States, breast cancer is the second leading cancer among women of any race. It is the most common c ause of death from cancer among HispanicsRead MoreBreast and Ovarian Cancer Essay1226 Words   |  5 PagesBreast and Ovarian Cancer Purpose Statement: This speech has a primary goal of educating the audience and to give a better understanding of what breast cancer is and how it can be treated with detection by a vast variety of methods. It will also give better understanding that not only women but men also are susceptible to breast cancer. Introduction I. Attention: There are a number of researches done about breast and ovarian cancer. Breast cancer is the second largest cause of death in womenRead MoreHealth Promotion in Hispanics971 Words   |  4 Pageswithin the United States. As of 2012, the percentage of Hispanics without health insurance was 29.1 percent Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] (2014). While heart disease and cancer both hold the top spots as the two leading causes of death amongst whites and Hispanics, they are transposed for each racial group, with cancer being the leading cause for the Hispanic population. Many Hispanic families who either migrated to the United States originally, or whose parents migrated here, haveRead MoreInformative Speech Outline-Kab Essay816 Words   |  4 Pageshow they get young adults interested in Prevention of Breast Cancer. Introduction I. Breast Cancer. An uncontrolled growth of breast cells referring to a malignant tumor that has developed from cells in the Breast. In 2010, an estimated 207,090 new cases of invasive breast cancer  are expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S., along with 54,010 new cases of non-invasive (in situ) breast cancer. By a show of hands how many of you knowRead MoreThe Importance Of Funding For Increase For Cancer Research1596 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2017, there were an estimated 1,688,780 cancer cases diagnosed and 600,920 cancer deaths for both genders (â€Å"Cancer Facts Figures† Table 1). An increase of funding could eliminate the number of cases and deaths each year in the United States. Considering that over the years funding has decreased dramatically, any type of increase would be better than nothing. According to Frank Lalli, in the past 15 years â€Å"the National Institutes of Health budget has been cut by 15.5% after inflation. This hasRead MoreE ssay about The Hazards of Milk1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe USDA say that the average person needs to drink 2-3 fluid cups of milk per day, depending on age and gender, to maintain a healthy diet (USDA), â€Å"claims, which are misleading in the extreme (Cancer Prevention Coalition, Para3). Milk is a beverage that can cause various levels of diseases that the process of pasteurization does not filter, along with additive hormones that also effects cows that are treated with these hormones and all the while, there are people in the world that have little orRead MoreEssay about The Biology of Breast Cancer1069 Words   |  5 PagesBreast Cancer occurs in about one in eight women which is currently the most common cancer among women. The number of cases is expected to decrease due to the advancements in technology and dedicated researchers. Scientists have put an estimated 4.8 billion dollars towards the research every year to help find a cure or a new treatment for breast cancer ( STAT Facts Breast Cancer). Researchers have found causes, put in research and theories that help with understanding treatments, prevention and alsoRead MoreA Study On Breast Cancer843 Words   |  4 PagesBreast Cancer Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women (Up to Date, 2014). The associated risk can be as high as 12% for every woman in the United States, regardless of family history (American Cancer Society, 2013). For this reason, care begins with patient education, risk stratification, and preventative medicine. The paper will review preventative options, risk stratification based on genetics and age, and breast cancer treatment

Succcessful Entrepreneurship Self-Supporting - 953 Words

In today’s society, the key factor of entrepreneurship is to allow people to become self-supporting. Entrepreneurship is an employ approach that helps lead people to financial self-sufficiency, even for people with disabilities. Entrepreneurship supplies people with disabilities and their relatives with the prospective to consider and establish enterprises as the boss, rather than just being an employee. Many possibilities come from entrepreneurs and their concepts that they contribute to the world. They can assist to the moneys in a number of ways. There are exceptional ways that entrepreneurs add value to America’s capitals is through investments, paid work, providing diverse goods and services, worldwide trade, and much more. The†¦show more content†¦The fifth distinctiveness is â€Å"Become Known as an Expert† becoming known as an expert is another style of prospecting for new business, just in reverse. Instead of finding new and qualified people to sell to, people seek you out for your expertise. Sixth, is â€Å"Invest in Yourself† which to me is one of my most favorite and most important keys to becoming a successful entrepreneurs. Top entrepreneurs buy and read business and marketing books, magazines, reports, journals, newsletters, websites and industry publications, knowing that these resources will improve their understanding of business and marketing functions and skills. They join business associations and clubs, and they network with other skilled business people to learn their secrets of success and help define their own goals and objectives. Top entrepreneurs never stop investing in the most powerful, effective and best business marketing tool at their immediate disposal – themselves. Be Accessible – Make it easy for people to do business with you. You must be able to provide customers with what they want, when they want it. Sell the Benefits – Pushing product is for inexperienced or wannabe entrepreneurs. Get and Stay Organized – Have systems in place. Small things such as creating a to-do list at the end of each business day, or for the week, will keep you on top of important tasks. Take

Essay on Working in Business - 649 Words

Task The purpose of the assessment is to produce a professional presentation on an aspect of professionalism in the workplace. In the tutorial in week 3 (tutorial 2) your tutor will issue a presentation topic to your team and spend some time discussing how you might approach it. The topics are: * Team Diversity Your team needs to research the topic and prepare a professional presentation to the board of directors of SOUND WAVE, an Australian ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT RETAILER with 68 stores and 3,500 employees. Your presentation should be structured as a PERSUASIVE PROPOSAL; your aim is to convince the board to implement your recommendation. Introduction The purpose of this presentation is to discuss a current issue affecting the†¦show more content†¦The rationale for using teams is that there are inherent synergies, such that the team is greater than the sum of its parts. Teams allow both functional specialisation and collaborative interaction. Organisations should seek to form the most effective teams from their employees Australian workplaces are amongst the most diverse in the world. Many generations of immigration have created a diverse range of cultural backgrounds. The workforce is aging. There are more females employed and more employees come from non English speaking backgrounds. More people are shifting employers and occupations, bringing with them a greater range of skills, experiences and value sets. As the workforce becomes more diverse, so too will work teams These changes represent a challenge to Australian management. Diverse work teams operate differently to homogenous teams. There tends to be greater friction, conflict and communication problems. However, there are substantial potential gains to be made. There is strong evidence that diverse teams produce more creative and effective outcomes. In a dynamic environment where innovation and differentiation create strong competitive advantages, organisations need to harness this creativity. As illustrated in Figure 3, there are three major components ofShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Working Capital For A Business1505 Words   |  7 Pagesby the business to provide customers’ needs, indicates the importance of working capital. This paper seeks to examine the importance of working capital to a business. By definition, in order for a business to conduct its daily operations, such as payment of wages, the purchase of raw materials, it requires funds which are referred to as working capital which also covers overhead costs. In simple terms, working capital is money available to a business for its day-to-day operations. Working capitalRead MoreIs Social Business Working Out?1403 Words   |  6 PagesIs Social Business Working Out? Social networking has never been more popular, with social tools accounting for 20 percent of all online activity, per ComScore (Laudon Laudon, 2016, p. 65). Many of today’s employees are already well versed in the basics of public social networking using tools such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram (Laudon Laudon, 2016, p. 65). Social media is the next wave of the digital transformation that started with the web (Holmes, 2015). Social media has already profoundlyRead MoreThe Importance Of Working Capital For A Business1352 Words   |  6 Pagesimportance of working capital to a business. By definition, in order for a business to conduct its daily operations, such as payment of wages, the purchase of raw materials, it requires funds which are referred to a, working capital which also covers overhead costs. Companies aspire to maintain their cash at a desirable level in order to offset liabilities on maturity and the availability of production materials require by the busi ness to provide customers’ needs indicates the importance of working capitalRead MoreWorking With Complex Business Environment1420 Words   |  6 PagesTo cope with complex business environment, all companies need measurement and management tool to evaluate and control operations. Bernard Marr (2013) a leading business and data expert believe that if management tools are properly used they can be powerful enablers of changes and actions in companies. Currently, the world’s six most widely used management tools are as follows:Strategic Planning, Customer Relationship Management, Employee Engagement Surveys, Benchmarking, Outsourcing and BalancedRead MoreReport On A Business With Working Full Time948 Words   |  4 PagesHere s How to Start Your Business While Working Full-Time By Christie Uzebu | Submitted On July 12, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Christie Uzebu You want to stand on your feet, kick-startRead MoreWorking With Group Is Important For Any Business Essay1060 Words   |  5 PagesWorking with group is important for any business because partnership, communication and time administration skill can be gained by group work (Davenport Prusak, 1998). Group work helps to solve the problem and meet the goal easily. In different business situations such as real world problem, mismanagement and work with new employee, I participated simultaneously. As a group member I did the things listed below: Communication I shared my knowledge to the other member and contributed to the effortRead MoreWorking For A Business Or Starting A New One Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Working for a business or starting a new one â€Å"is a debatable issue that has been raging for many decades, with no end in sight. In the simplest form some people don’t prefer to be controlled by someone or routine work and some others can accept that! They don’t prefer to take a risk of starting their own businesses. Opposers suggest that you ll actually consider the beginning of your startup to a greater extent a side interest than a living, and you ll be less inspired to sustain it to realizationRead MoreEssay about Working in Business Portfolio2175 Words   |  9 PagesWorking In Business Portfolio Context Introduction p3 Section 1 – Intrapersonal effectiveness p4-5 Section 2 – Interpersonal effectiveness p6-7 Section 3 – organisational effectiveness p8-9 Conclusion p10 References p11 Introduction In working in business subject BSB 124, it aim to develop an understanding of the skills require to work effectively in a professional businessRead MoreWorking Towards A Business Administration Degree1992 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Students who are working towards a business administration degree may be considering opening their own business. WAIT a minute; in school students don’t learn how to start a business. Students learn skills in: Math, Statistics, Accounting, English, Economics, and more. Even though they don’t necessary learn how to start a new business, students gain knowledge on necessary skills that they may need to operate a business. When a person opens a business it usually means he/she is an entrepreneurRead MoreDells Working Capital Business Case1128 Words   |  5 PagesAssigment 1 Dell’s working Capital Student number Name Class 0804809 Shu Pei Sun BE37 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Question 1: Kennis Inzicht Toepassen x x 5 punten Calculate the level of working capital for Dell for the years 1994, 1995 and 1996. (Please show the full calculation and formula’s used) The total current assets in 1996 are: $ 1.957.000 The total current assets in 1995

Business Economics Housing Market in the UK

Question: Describe the following points?a. Identify the nature of resource cost structure and the practical significance of different costs. b) Explain the factors influencing optimum size and the significance of demand and supply relationships.c) Demonstrate an understanding of the relevance and limitations. Answer: Introduction The housing market plays a crucial role in the economy. The housing market influences the economy by growth in output, financial market stability and the monetary policy related to the transmission mechanism. A large part of the income of the household can be involved in the purchase of the house which makes the transactions of the house a relevant with respect to the economy. One of the most striking features of the UK housing market is its volatility. Two major booms and busts were experienced by the UK housing market within the last few decades. (Ons.gov.uk, 2015) Mark Carney, the governor of the Bank of England (BoE) has expressed concern regarding the boom in the property sector in an interview with Skys Murnaghan show. This factor is believed to pose a big threat to the economic recovery of the Britain. Then trend in house price reveals that over the past six years, the house prices rose the fastest and have escalated to 8.9% based on a year. The primary cause for the rise in the price of the house is the excess demand for houses and shortage in the supply of houses. The situation can be handled by two relevant factors. Firstly, the bank must be prepared with excess reserves with which it can counter the risks of bad loans which is the result of the deterioration of the housing market in the UK. Secondly, a proper check should be implemented while sanctioning loans and mortgages to individuals and ensure that they are able to repay back. (E-Residentials | Online Estate Agent, 2014) Causes of changes in the housing market: There are several factors that affect the housing industry and its pricing mechanism. Some of the causes related to such changes in the housing market are discussed below: (Pettinger, 2011) Economic Growth- the commodity house is regarded as normal good depicting positive income elasticity. This implies that as income of the individual decreases, people are unable to purchase houses or make the mortgage payments. This leads to the situation where the banks take possession of such houses. UK has experienced a GDP growth in the third quarter of 2014 of about 0.7% which made the economy the fastest growing G7 economy despite the economic slowdown. (Allen, 2014) This implies that the incomes of the households have increased which thereby increased the demand for houses. This ultimately raised the house prices. (Positive Money, 2013) Unemployment- the employment rate of the UK has risen to 73% which implies that the individuals are employed and are earning. This increase in the income of the individuals led to the increase in the demand for houses which again led to the hike in the prices of the house. (Monaghan and Inman, 2014) Rate of Interest- the interest rate in the UK market was somewhat stable throughout the year 2014 at about 0.5%. The impact of low interest rate is felt by the individuals regarding their mortgage payments. If the rate of interests were low then the mortgages payment would be less. Thus lower interest would attract more individuals to buy houses. This would create a situation of excess demand in the housing market which will drive up the price. (BBC News, 2014) Consumer Confidence- the trend in the housing prices is relevant in this respect. The confidence of the consumers regarding the purchase of the houses depends on the anticipation of the rise or fall in the price of the house. If the consumer follows the trend in the house price to be raising them they will be willing to make the purchase. This would drive up the demand. Availability of mortgage- in the year 2014 there was substantial increase in the availability of mortgage loans. The latest credit conditions report of the BoE reveals that the rise in the mortgage loans is due to the low deposit norms. This increased the demand for houses and raised the price thereafter. (The Guardian, 2014) Supply- the shortage in the supply of the houses ultimately led to the increase in the price of the houses. Mark Carney was of the view that problem related to the shortage of new houses remain unsolved, even Central Bank was also not able to resolve the issue. It was estimated that the rate of houses was below the count of 200,000 which can be the minimum scale. (Inman, 2015) Factors affecting the price: We know that the basic determinants of the changes in the house prices are the demand and supply mechanism of the houses. But these determinants are in turn affected by the macroeconomic and microeconomic factors. It is necessary to analyze different macro and micro economic factors that affect the pricing and purchasing decision in the housing market. Below are some of the macro and micro issues discussed. (Tan, 2015) (Ft.com, 2015) Macroeconomic factors: 1. Population growth including the foreign workforce and migration- the estimated population growth rate in the year 2014 in the UK was 0.54%.(Indexmundi.com, 2015) An increase in population always exerts pressure on the housing market. But the shortage of houses and the population growth aggravated the increase in price. According to the Malthusian theory the population is believed to grow at a geometric rate which means that even if the rate of population growth is little, there is not enough accommodation to absorb the new population. (Galor and Weil, 2000)2. Employment and wage growth- As the employment scenario in the UK has improved; the employment rate has increased which in turn brought about growth in the wages. Thus we can say that individuals now have increased income in their hands which enhanced their credit liability. People will now have the confidence and affordability to take loans and mortgages to purchase houses. Thus creating a situation of excess demand in the ec onomy which will drive up the price in the real estate sector.3. Construction costs- Several government policies are initiated when the building projects are introduced by the developers. This creates a consciousness among the developers about their project and these delays the building projects. This momentary delay causes a shortage of houses and the ever increasing population puts forward a situation of excess demand which raise the property price.4. Financing properties- when there is increased availability of mortgages and loans, and then there must be easy and smooth access to it. This can be done by the banks and other financial companies. If the facilities of loan and mortgages are offered through a simple and easy process then people will have easy access to monetary resources to purchase houses. This will enhance the demand and thus cause a hike in the price of the houses.5. Land scarcity- the ratio of land area to the population explains the fact that there is too much of population and the availability of land area is not that great. This scarcity of land arising due to population growth results in a increase in demand for houses. Thus price of the housing market increased. (McGrath, 2014)6. Exchange rate- the depreciation of the exchange rate causes the price of the foreign house to rise and an appreciation causes the price of these houses to increase in the foreign countries. Thus there is substantial influence of exchange rate on the price of the housing market. Microeconomic factors: 1. Location and amenities- the accessibility of highways, expressways, hospital, school, banks, markets, shopping mall etc. has a greater influence on the purchase decision of the buyers of the house. A proper and refreshing locality along with required amenities will automatically drive up the price of the house. if the location of the house is not that attractive then the buyer would not be willing to pay higher price for the house.2. Government planning- government sometimes have greater plans for a particular locality by enhancing the infrastructure. The prices of the house in those areas can be anticipated to increase.3. Building style- the architectural structure of houses influence the price of the house. The building style which is believed to be unique drives up the price of the house.4. Taste and preferences- the preference of the house being on countryside or near a mountain hill or across a river can influence the price of the house. The price of the house is sensitive to the macroeconomic factors but the aspect of the microeconomic influence cannot be ignored. Challenges of the property market: The demand and supply conditions determine the level of equilibrium in the housing market. The rise in the price is depicted by a shortage of supply of houses. This aggravated excess demand which caused a hike in the price of the houses in the UK. To drive down the price there is an urgent need to increase the building of houses so that the new population is accommodated. In this regard the macroeconomic factors like economic growth, employment rate, location, government planning was to be considered while making pricing decision of the houses. Thus the problems and challenges in the property markets are affected by the macroeconomic variable as well as the demand and supply side of the market. (Economicsonline.co.uk, 2015) (UK Parliament, 2015) Conclusion: The report is formulated based on the interview of the governor of Bank of England, Mark Carney and his concern regarding the housing market in the UK. The rise in the price is due to the shortage in the supply of houses. Thus measures should be taken to increase the supply of houses in the country by offering subsidies to the private property developers, relaxing the regulations of the house building, providing tax concession for certain house building areas etc. It is also important to regulate the demand of the houses in order to maintain equilibrium in the economy. 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